Cambridge Healthtech Institute’s 21st Annual

Difficult-to-Express Proteins

Mastering the Expression, Purification, and Production of Challenging Proteins

May 11 - 12, 2026 ALL TIMES EDT

Recombinant protein expression may not always get into the spotlight, but it underpins nearly every advance in protein science and biotherapeutic discovery. For many targets, the hardest work begins before structural analysis or functional studies can even start—expressing the desired protein. Complex folding, host toxicity, and purification barriers make difficult-to-express proteins (DTEPs) a persistent bottleneck. Cambridge Healthtech Institute’s 21st annual Difficult-to-Express Proteins conference highlights innovative strategies, tools, and technologies that enable researchers to overcome these obstacles, accelerate discovery, and advance the development of novel biotherapies.

Sunday, May 10

2:00 pmRecommended Pre-Conference Short Course

SC1: In silico and Machine Learning Tools for Antibody Design and Developability Predictions

*Separate registration required. See short course page for details.

Monday, May 11

7:00 amRegistration and Morning Coffee

8:20 amOrganizer's Opening Remarks

Mary Ann Brown, Executive Director, Conferences, Cambridge Healthtech Institute

INTEGRATED STRATEGIES FOR CHALLENGING PROTEIN EXPRESSION

8:25 am

Chairperson's Remarks 

Felix Findeisen, PhD, Principal Scientist II, Protein Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences

8:30 am

De novo Design of Therapeutic Grade Antibodies against Challenging Integral Membrane Targets

Connor Blankenship, PhD, Senior Scientist, Nabla Bio Inc.

We present a de novo antibody design platform that generates high-affinity, drug-like leads against traditionally challenging targets including GPCRs, transporters, and pMHCs. Our approach leverages high hit rates to enable direct screening in a native cellular context, allowing us to address proteins that are difficult to recombinantly express and purify.

9:00 am

Targeting the Disordered Proteome

Kejia Wu, PhD, Translational Investigator, Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs) underpin many of the most “undruggable” processes in biology, from transcriptional control to phase separation and toxic aggregation. In this talk, I will present a deep-learning–enabled framework for designing de novo binders and proteases that recognize short motifs (>=8 aa) and PTM-defined epitopes in IDRs with high affinity and specificity. I will highlight applications to Myc, tau, TDP-43, huntingtin, and viral or oncogenic IDRs, cancer receptors, and show how these reagents enable targeted inhibition, relocalization, and catalytic cleavage; and how this general modality can be applied to broadly unexplored biological and therapeutic ideas.

9:30 am

Optimizing Baculovirus Expression Vector Systems for Difficult Recombinant Protein Targets

Carissa Grose, Co-Director, Protein Expression Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.

We have been working to improve BEVS by experimenting with different insertion sites in the baculovirus genome and testing alternative baculovirus promoters to improve quality and yield for more complex target proteins. We have also demonstrated significant improvement in stability of the gene of interest over multiple passages.

10:00 am Overcoming Barriers in Expressing Challenging Proteins with Advanced Expression Systems

Jonathan Zmuda, Senior Director, R&D, Protein & Viral Vector Expression Systems, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

Philipp Cyprys , Thermo Fisher Scientific

Efficient expression of complex protein formats, including bispecific, multispecific, and non-antibody proteins remains a bottleneck in early discovery. We describe a high-throughput transient workflow using the Gibco Expi293 PRO Expression System to enable high yield and reproducible production across diverse protein classes. Expression performance is evaluated alongside key developability assessments, demonstrating how early biophysical characterization supports candidate selection, reduces downstream risk, and accelerates progression from screening to scalable production.

10:30 amNetworking Coffee Break

11:00 am

Innovations in Cell-Free Protein Synthesis for Therapeutic Development

Megan A. McSweeney, PhD, Research Scientist, Jewett Lab, Stanford University

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is emerging as a transformative platform for recombinant therapeutic production. Here, we present advances in bacterial CFPS systems that improve yield, scalability, and product quality while accommodating complex modalities, including post-translational modifications like glycosylation. These innovations position CFPS to accelerate therapeutic discovery, streamline development, and enable flexible, distributed biomanufacturing for next-generation biologics.

11:30 am

Effect of Different Cell Culture Media on the Production and Glycosylation of a Monoclonal Antibody from a CHO Cell Line

Jaeweon Lee, Graduate Student, Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Three chemically defined media for CHO-K1 production of the VRC01 mAb were compared in this study regarding growth, titer, and N- glycosylation. ActiCHO P achieved high productivity and the most consistent glycan profiles, closely matching ActiPro, whereas EX-CELL 325 showed lower performance. Because media changes can alter critical quality attributes, comparability is essential. Results indicate ActiCHO P is a reliable alternative medium without compromising product quality.

12:00 pmSession Break

12:10 pm LUNCHEON PRESENTATION: Streamlining Discovery and Development Workflows Using Engineered P. fluorescens Strains for ncAA Incorporation and Extracellular Protein Production

Diane Retallack, President & COO, Primrose Bio

Streamlined product discovery and development workflows are critical to facilitate efficient decision making and candidate advancement. Improvements in extracellular (EC) localization and ncAA incorporation within the Pfenex platform can accelerate discovery and development timelines. Engineered host strains show EC production of a wide range of proteins, enabling streamlined recovery and analysis. Further, high fidelity, high titer production of target proteins with 100% ncAA incorporation has been established, with titers up to 15g/L in fermentation.

12:40 pm LUNCHEON PRESENTATION: Novel Expression Control of the Glutamine Synthetase Gene for Accelerated Biotherapeutic Protein Production Using CHO Cells

Peter O'Callaghan, Senior Director & Head, Expression Systems Sciences, Lonza

We will highlight Lonza’s latest innovation in the GS Expression System and how our advanced vector technology elevates protein expression performance through improved glutamine synthetase selection stringency combined with a high-strength gene promoter to control product expression. Furthermore, we will show how this novel approach to vector design leads to higher titre and more stable bulk pools, and accelerates the timeline from DNA to lead clone.

1:10 pmSession Break

ADVANCING DTEP WORKFLOWS FOR DISCOVERY

1:15 pm

Chairperson's Remarks 

Timothy K. Craig, PhD, Associate Research Fellow, Pfizer Inc.

1:20 pm

Establishing GPCR Production Workflows to Support Large- and Small- Molecule Discovery Programs

Felix Findeisen, PhD, Principal Scientist II, Protein Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences

Production of a wide variety of clinically relevant G-protein coupled receptors at quantities sufficient for a variety of downstream applications is challenging. Therefore, we established and improved screening methods to evaluate membrane protein construct expression and solubilization. Furthermore, we show translatability of production from milliliter to 10-liter scale. Using several examples, we show how our purification workflow can produce GPCRs, including for immunization, structural biology, and biophysical characterization.

1:50 pm

Engineered Scaffolds for Soluble GPCR Expression

Alexander Taguchi, PhD, Director of Machine Learning, iBio Inc.

GPCR targets are recombinantly expressed in soluble form using machine learning–designed engineered scaffolds. These engineered GPCR surrogates express well, support post-translational modifications by production in human cells, bind specifically to their native ligands, and are structurally validated using experimental methods. This strategy enables high-yield, soluble expression of previously intractable GPCRs in a functionally and structurally validated format to support drug discovery efforts.

2:20 pm

GPCR Production Supporting DNA Encoded Library Screening

Timothy K. Craig, PhD, Associate Research Fellow, Pfizer Inc.

GPCRs are a class of highly druggable targets that are difficult to access in recombinant systems in amounts and quality sufficient for binding-first methods, including DNA Encoded Library (DEL) screening for hit finding and then also for follow-up of hits. In this talk, I will review some of our successful strategies and tactics for accessing these targets using membrane mimetics including SMALPs and other detergent-free formulations.

2:50 pm Engineering Expression Systems for Both Yield and Glycan Control

Lars Stoeckl, Managing Director, FyoniBio GmbH

Some biologics resist expression. Others express—but with the undesired glycosylation. Solving both simultaneously is one of the most persistent challenges in biopharmaceutical development. In this talk, we present an integrated strategy combining engineered CHO and human host cell lines, process optimization, and targeted analytics to address both challenges in parallel. By applying tailored platforms such as CHOnamite and GlycoExpress, expression and glycan profiles can be adjusted in a controlled and complementary way. We highlight how this approach enables expression of difficult molecules while maintaining control over glycosylation, ultimately supporting more reliable and scalable development pathways.

3:05 pm Unlocking Difficult-to-Express Proteins through Dynamic Optogenetic Control

Kiana Mohajeri-Stickels, Head of Synthetic Biology, Prolific Machines

Prolific Machines’ photomolecular platform uses molecular optogenetics to dynamically control gene expression in mammalian cell lines using light. The unique features of Prolific’s platform enable a range of solutions for the production of next-generation complex biologics while leveraging proven mammalian production architecture. This presentation will cover how Prolific's platform works and highlight key advantages we enable for cell line development efficiency and resultant titer and quality. We’ll include how these benefits are realized across application cases including the production of difficult-to-express molecules, mAbs with PTM considerations, and stoichiometry-sensitive multispecifics.

3:20 pmNetworking Coffee & Refreshment Break

4:05 pmTransition to Plenary Keynote Session

PLENARY KEYNOTE

4:15 pm

Plenary Keynote Introduction

G. Jonah Rainey, PhD, Associate Vice President, Eli Lilly and Company

4:25 pm

CARs 2026: New Models and New Runways

Michel Sadelain, MD, PhD, Director, Columbia University Initiative in Cell Engineering and Therapy (CICET); Director, Cell Therapy Initiative, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center; Professor of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center

T cell engineering holds great promise for the treatment of cancers and other pathologies. The original chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) prototypes targeting CD19 are now giving way to further refined receptors endowed with greater sensitivity and combinatorial possibilities. Emerging new targets and engineering tools augur favorably for broadening the use of CAR therapies.

YOUNG SCIENTIST KEYNOTE

5:10 pm

Deep Learning-Based Binder Design to Probe Biology

Martin Pacesa, PhD, Assistant Professor, Pharmacology, University of Zurich

Protein-protein interactions are central to biology and drug discovery, yet traditional antibody generation is slow and costly. BindCraft is an open-source, automated computational pipeline for de novo protein binder design that routinely yields nanomolar binders with 10-100% experimental success, without high-throughput screening or maturation. We illustrate applications to peptides, cell-surface receptors, allergens, and gene editors, and outline how deep learning workflows can accelerate next-generation therapeutics, diagnostics, and bioprocessing.


  • What are the advantages/drawbacks of minibinders?
  • Are there "unbindable" protein sites?
  • Are natural amino acid building blocks enough for drug development?
  • What therapeutic properties should deep learning models account for?

5:55 pmWelcome Reception in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing

YOUNG SCIENTIST MEET-UP

6:10 pm

Young Scientist Meet-Up

Megan A. McSweeney, PhD, Research Scientist, Jewett Lab, Stanford University

Gian Marco Visani, PhD Graduate Student, University of Washington

Jason Yang, PhD Candidate, Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology

This young scientist meet-up is an opportunity to get to know and network with mentors of the PEGS community. This session aims to inspire the next generation of young scientists by giving direct access to established leaders in the field.

  • Get to know fellow peers and colleagues
  • Make connections and network with other institutions
  • Discuss the role of mentors and peers role models in the field​

7:15 pmClose of Day

Tuesday, May 12

7:45 amRegistration and Morning Coffee

INNOVATION AT THE INTERFACE FOR COMPLEX PROTEIN PRODUCTION

8:30 am

Chairperson's Remarks 

Deborah Moore-Lai, PhD, Vice President, Protein Sciences, ProFound Therapeutics

8:35 am FEATURED PANEL DISCUSSION:

Convergence in Protein Science: The New Interface Where Computational Creativity, Experimental Rigor, and Hybrid Talent Meet

PANEL MODERATOR:

Deborah Moore-Lai, PhD, Vice President, Protein Sciences, ProFound Therapeutics

ML/AI is generating unprecedented designer proteins, but their value depends on experimental confirmation. This panel explores how in silico models integrate with mammalian, yeast, E. coli, and cell-free expression systems, supported by display technologies for functional validation. Experts discuss strategies to assess expressibility, folding, and scalability, and how unified digital–wet lab workflows accelerate multi-modality therapeutic development.

  • Evaluating AI-designed protein sequences for prediction of expression and sequence liabilities across host expression systems
  • Using display platforms to validate function, binding, and stability of computationally derived proteins
  • Bridging early recombinant expression with scalable production for viable therapeutic leads
  • Integrating modeling, high-throughput screening, and wet-lab data to refine multi-modality designs
  • Empowering the “now generation” of hybrid scientists fluent in both in silico tools and experimental biology​
PANELISTS:

James Bowman, PhD, CTO, AI Proteins

Ashty S. Karim, PhD, Assistant Professor, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University

Carter A. Mitchell, PhD, CSO, Purification & Expression, Kemp Proteins, LLC

Chester Pham, PhD, Senior Scientist, Protein Sciences, Kite Pharma, a Gilead company

9:35 am

Design-Driven Optimization of Low-Cost High-Yielding Cell-Free Protein Synthesis

Ashty S. Karim, PhD, Assistant Professor, Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University

Access to recombinant proteins is vital for biotechnology. Cell-free protein synthesis systems could address this need, but widespread utilization remains limited by cost and complexity. To address these limitations, we carried out a multi-dimensional optimization, testing more than 1,200 reagent formulations, to discover a simple and reproducible system based on 12 components that can produce up to 3.7 ± 0.2 g/L at a ~99% reduction in cost. We also demonstrate cell-free production of fifteen therapeutically relevant products using this formulation. We anticipate that our work will further democratize the use of cell-free systems for protein manufacturing and biotechnology.

10:05 am  Building Better Biologics: An End-to-End Synthetic Biology Ecosystem for Therapeutic Development

Gavin Barnard, Chief Scientific Officer, ATUM

The rapid evolution of complex biologics modalities has outpaced traditional cell line development (CLD) workflows, which struggle with the complexities of multi-chain assembly and the inherent "developability" hurdles of non-natural scaffolds. To address these challenges, we present an integrated information-driven discovery-to-production ecosystem that leverages Machine Learning, high-titer transient expression, and stable genomic integration to streamline the development of complex biologics.

10:35 amCoffee Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing

11:15 am

From Strain to Purification: A Systems Engineering Approach to Streamlined Nanobody Production

Romel Menacho-Melgar, PhD, CSO, Roke Biotechnologies

We present a systems engineering framework for microbial protein production that enables plug-and-play integration of advanced tools to unlock new manufacturing capabilities. By combining scalable two-stage expression, redox reprogramming for efficient disulfide bond formation, and cell-programmed downstream processing, we establish a unified platform for nanobody production.

11:45 am

Facile Antibody Conjugate Production by Interfacing Protein Engineering with Metabolic Glycoengineering

Jamie B. Spangler, PhD, Associate Professor, Biomedical and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University

Antibodies have broad utility in imaging, targeted gene delivery, and disease therapy, and many of these applications require conjugation to secondary molecules. Unfortunately, conventional conjugation approaches are limited by destabilization of structure, heterogeneity, and technically demanding multi-step reactions. To overcome these challenges, we developed a straightforward and highly general platform for site-specific antibody conjugation that blends metabolic glycoengineering with protein design, presenting a highly efficient strategy to produce antibody conjugates.

12:15 pm Speed without Compromise: Tailored CHO.RiGHT Cell Line Development for Any Antibody Format 

Anneliese Krueger, Scientist, Pharmaceutical Cell Line Development, ProBioGen AG

ProBioGen established a fully optimized workflow that enables the rapid development of stable, high-yielding CHO cell lines, even for structurally complex antibodies. The DirectedLuck transposase ensures a stable and robust clone pool expression. This is achieved by advanced epigenetic targeting to the most active genomic sites. Complementary to this highly efficient gene delivery, our flexible, automated clone screening robotic system PSi.Bot and early high-throughput product analytics enable real-time decision-making and the early identification of high-performing clones. This combined approach sets new benchmarks for speed, scalability, and reliability in therapeutic protein development. It demonstrates that even the most complex biologics can be efficiently produced when all elements of cell line development are optimally aligned and finely tuned.

12:30 pm Accelerating Drug Development: A New Paradigm for High-Performance Antibody and Target Design

Adi Goldenzweig, Co-Founder & CTO, Scala Biodesign

Robust protein expression in cost-effective systems remains a key constraint in biologics discovery and development. This challenge is increasingly acute as targets become less tractable and therapeutic modalities more complex—particularly for multi-domain modalities, where marginally stable as individual components often fail in their full formats. I will present ScalaOS, a computational design platform that integrates AI with physics-based modeling to design proteins for improved expression, stability, and manufacturability across host systems without compromising activity. I will share lab-validated case studies on difficult-to-express targets and antibody-based modalities, demonstrating how design-driven approaches can unlock screening, structural characterization, and downstream development for otherwise intractable molecules.

12:45 pmSession Break

12:50 pm LUNCHEON PRESENTATION: GenScript x Sanofi: Enabling Faster Biologics Research: High-Throughput, Automated Protein Production at Scale

Weijun Ma, Senior Scientist, Biologics, Sanofi Group

Luciana Rosselli, Field Application Scientist, GenScript USA Inc.

We established an integrated, highly automated protein production platform enabling parallel processing with minimal manual intervention. The workflow combines high-throughput titer estimation and magnetic bead-based affinity purification on the AmMag Quatro ProAb 1300 for rapid, reproducible results. This approach accelerates early-stage protein and antibody production while delivering high-quality material for downstream development.

1:20 pm LUNCHEON PRESENTATION: Corynex Secretory Manufacturing for VHHs and Peptides: Extending Half-Life with PASylation

Yumi Nagase, Lead Researcher, BioPharma Solutions, Ajinomoto Co. Inc.

Uli Binder, Managing Director, XL-protein GmbH

Corynex is Ajinomoto’s gram-positive bacterial platform and CDMO service for biologics. This presentation highlights our capabilities and case studies for production of long-chain peptides and VHHs. To address the short half-life often associated with low-molecular-weight proteins, we combine Corynex with XL-protein’s PASylation technology to create half-life–extended biopharmaceuticals, achieving high titers with high purity through an endotoxin-free host and a secretion-based process.

1:50 pmClose of Difficult-to-Express Proteins Conference

6:30 pmRecommended Dinner Short Course

SC9: Automation in Action: Hands-on, Liquid Handling for Protein & Antibody Engineering

*Separate registration required. See short course page for details.





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